“阳”过了,离回归正常生活还有多远?******
◎本报记者 张佳星
“新冠病毒感染者的核酸由阳性转为阴性就表明他没有传染性了。”12月15日,针对科技日报记者关于“阳转阴是否还具有传染性”的问题,华中科技大学同济医院感染科副主任郭威回应,没有条件做核酸的话,自测抗原转阴也可以,但后者的准确度稍差一些。
近期,不少新冠病毒感染者经过居家治疗后逐渐康复。那么,“阳”过之后,距离回归正常生活还有多远?也有人转阴之后又短时期内复阳是为什么呢?
熬过6—7天,大部分能转阴
“不少人感染新冠病毒以后3—5天就能恢复个差不多,但我们还是建议从有症状开始6—7天后进行核酸或抗原的两次检测。”郭威说,每个人的状况不同,体内的病毒载量也不同,从临床经验看大部分人出现症状6—7天后基本能转阴。
根据临床上的观察,目前大多数人感染后的症状持续3—5天,之后大部分症状都会消失,比如发热、肌肉酸痛、咽痛等症状都会消失。
“但从我们专业的角度看,症状消失与否不能作为有没有传染性的判断标准。”郭威解释,每个人的机体免疫力不同,对新冠病毒的抵御能力不同,症状、病程等都因人而异,无法作为判断标准,而核酸检测能够最直观地显示感染者体内的病毒排放量,便于准确判断。
“一旦连续2天核酸(或抗原)检测均是阴性,就可以解除隔离恢复到正常的生活中了。”郭威说。
“阳”过之后,还会复阳吗?
“阳过之后仍然有可能复阳。”郭威对科技日报记者表示,临床上发现一些人反复排毒,也就是说排毒是间歇性的,核酸检测结果会认为是转阴之后复阳;还有一些情况是由于病人有基础的肺病或者是病毒载量比较大,治疗后转阴,结束治疗后又复阳。
复阳的情况会存在,但比较少见。“也有可能是新冠病毒没有活性的核酸片段在体内没有清除干净而被检测到。”郭威说,临床上一般认为,复阳的患者一般问题不大,不会转成危重症,而且一般也不具备传染性。
郭威仍旧提醒,阳性患者转阴之后要加强健康管理,要有一个健康的起居,还要对自己的健康密切观察。
“我们也发现有的家庭里出现了反复感染的情况,比如一个家庭成员传染给另一个成员,前面的成员刚好不久,又反过来被自己的传染者传染了。”郭威说,为了避免病情的反复,有感染者的家庭,衣服、床单、毛巾、餐具等日常用品要单独使用,相互之间做到尽可能地隔离。
“阳”过之后,还用做防护吗?
有不少人认为,感染之后又康复,身体内有了抗体,就可以不做防护,真正回归疫情前的生活,真的是这样吗?
“一般情况下,感染之后的中和抗体可以保护感染者3—6个月。”郭威说,这种保护针对的是同一种亚型的新冠病毒。例如感染奥密克戎BF.7之后,再遇到BF.7就有很好的保护效果,但如果之前感染的是德尔塔,遇到奥密克戎可能中和抗体就没有保护力。总而言之,病毒的差别越大,中和抗体的交叉保护越有限。
警惕双重感染也很重要。郭威说:“有的人以为自己感染之后再不会感染了,就不注意防范、也不戴口罩了,最后感染上流感病毒也是完全有可能的。”
郭威提醒,秋冬季节还是要坚持佩戴口罩,当前新冠病毒的流行对于其他病毒的流行趋势可能存在交叉影响,因此,通过勤洗手、戴口罩、安全距离等方式避免其他病毒的感染仍然十分重要。
针对老年康复者,郭威表示,由于有基础性疾病,老年人康复之后还是规律生活,坚持之前的基础病用药和治疗,如果肺部不适或者有慢阻肺的老人,可以做一些肺部保健操,有助于肺部功能的恢复。
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |